First and last, Felstiner explores the achievement of a poet surviving in his mother tongue, the German language that had passed, Celan said, 'through the thousand darknesses of deathbringing speech. To present this poetry and the strain of Jewishness it displays, Felstiner uncovers Celan's sources in the Bible and Judaic mysticism, his affinities with Kafka, Heine, Hölderlin, Rilke, and Nelly Sachs, his fascination with Heidegger and Buber, his piercing translations of Shakespeare, Dickinson, Mandelshtam, Apollinaire. At the same time, Felstiner finds fresh insights by opening up the very process of translating Celan's poems. The life's work of Paul Celan emerges through readings of his poems within their personal and historical matrix. Drawing on interviews with Celan's family and friends and his personal library in Normandy and Paris, as well as voluminous German commentary, Felstiner tells the poet's gripping story: his birth in 1920 in Romania, the overnight loss of his parents in a Nazi deportation, his experience of forced labor and Soviet occupation during the war, and then his difficult exile in Paris.

The book also presents hitherto unpublished photos of the poet and his circle. It offers new translations of well-known and little-known poems-including a chapter on Celan's famous 'Deathfugue'-plus his speeches, prose fiction, and letters. Death Fugue Black milk of daybreak we drink it at sundown we drink it at noon in the morning we drink it at night we drink it and drink it we dig a grave in the breezes there one lies unconfined. John Felstiner's sensitive and accessible book is the first critical biography of Celan in any language. His writing exposes and illumines the wounds that Nazi destructiveness left on language.

Paul Celan, Europe's most compelling postwar poet, was a German-speaking, East European Jew.

Celan poet